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Urban acupuncture is a socio-environmental theory that combines contemporary urban design with traditional Chinese acupuncture,〔(Parsons, Adam. (2010, December). "Urban Acupuncture: Marco Casagrande." ) University of Portsmouth.〕 using small-scale interventions to transform the larger urban context. Sites are selected through analysis of aggregate social, economic and ecological factors, and are developed through a dialogue between designers and the community. Just as the practice of acupuncture is aimed at relieving stress in the human body, the goal of urban acupuncture is to relieve stress in the built environment.〔("Urban Acupuncture," ) ''Urban Applications,'' 2013.〕 Urban acupuncture is intended to produce small-scale but socially catalytic interventions in the urban fabric.〔(Ruin Academy - Casagrande Lab. ) In ''Architectural Theories of the Environment: Posthuman Territory,'' ed. Ariane Lourie Harrison. Routledge, 2013.〕 ==Urban organism== This strategy views cities as living, breathing organisms and pinpoints areas in need of repair. Sustainable projects, then, serve as needles that revitalize the whole by healing the parts.〔(Better Blocks: One of Many Urban Acupuncture Needles ) - '' Kelly McCartney, Shareable : Cities'' 8/2011〕 By perceiving the city as a living creature, thoroughly intertwined, “urban acupuncture” promotes communitarian machinery and sets localized nucleus ―similar to the human body’s meridians. Satellite technology, networks and collective intelligence theories, all used to surgically and selectively intervene on the nodes that have the biggest potential to regenerate.〔(Acupuntura urbana para sanar una ciudad ) - '' Martha Salotti, Sphere'' 2012〕 Originally coined by Barcelonan architect and urbanist, Manuel de Sola Morales,〔Frampton, Kenneth. Megaform as urban landscape. University of Michigan, A. Alfred Taubman College of Architecture+ Urban Planning, 1999.〕〔i Rubió, Manuel de Solà-Morales. Progettare città. Vol. 23. Electa, 1999.〕〔De Solà-Morales, Manuel. "The strategy of urban acupuncture." Structure Fabric and Topography Conference, Nanjing University. 2004.〕 the term has been recently championed and developed further by Finnish architect and social theorist Marco Casagrande, this school of thought eschews massive urban renewal projects in favour of a more localised and community approach that, in an era of constrained budgets and limited resources, could democratically and cheaply offer a respite to urban dwellers.〔(Could cities' problems be solved by urban acupuncture? ) - ''Leon Kaye, The Guardian'' 21.7.2010〕 Casagrande views cities as complex energy organisms in which different overlapping layers of energy flows are determining the actions of the citizens as well as the development of the city. By mixing environmentalism and urban design Casagrande is developing methods of punctual manipulation of the urban energy flows in order to create an ecologically sustainable urban development towards the so-called 3rd Generation City (postindustrial city). The theory is developed in the Tamkang University of Taiwan〔(INTERVIEW WITH M. CASAGRANDE ON URBAN ACUPUNTURE ) - ''Laurits Elkjær, Bergen School of Architecture'' 4/2010〕 and at independent multidisciplinary research center Ruin Academy.〔(Anarchist Gardener Issue Two HK special 安那其建築園丁港深建築雙城雙年展特別版 ) - ''Nikita Wu, Ruin Academy'' 2/2012〕 With focus on environmentalism and urban design, Casagrande defines urban acupuncture as a design tool where punctual manipulations contribute to creating sustainable urban development, such as the community gardens and urban farms in Taipei.〔(PARTICIPATIVE DESIGN & PLANNING IN CONTEMPORARY URBAN PROJECTS ) - '' Christina Rasmussen, Urban Planning & Management, Aalborg University'' 6/2012〕 Casagrande describes urban acupuncture as: ''() cross-over architectural manipulation of the collective sensuous intellect of a city. City is viewed as multi-dimensional sensitive energy-organism, a living environment. Urban acupuncture aims into a touch with this nature.''〔("Urban Acupuncture: Revivifying Our Cities Through Targeted Renewal," ) - Kyle Miller, MSIS 9/2011〕 and ''Sensitivity to understand the energy flows of the collective chi beneath the visual city and reacting on the hot-spots of this chi. Architecture is in the position to produce the acupuncture needles for the urban chi.''〔("Ruin Academy," ) - Marco Casagrande, Epifanio 14, 2011〕 and ''A weed will root into the smallest crack in the asphalt and eventually break the city. Urban acupuncture is the weed and the acupuncture point is the crack. The possibility of the impact is total, connecting human nature as part of nature.'' Casagrande utilized the tenets of acupuncture: treat the points of blockage and let relief ripple throughout the body. More immediate and sensitive to community needs than traditional institutional forms of large scale urban renewal interventions would not only respond to localized needs, but do so with a knowledge of how city-wide systems operated and converged at that single node. Release pressure at strategic points, release pressure for the whole city.〔(Urban Acupuncture ) - ''Urban Applications'' 2013〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Urban acupuncture」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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